Vladivostok.
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Overview

Vladivostok (Russian: Владивосто́к, vlah-dee-vah-STOHK) is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railway, Russia's largest port to the Pacific Ocean, and the base for the Pacific Fleet. With 600,000 inhabitants, it is the second-largest city in the Russian Far East, after Khabarovsk.

Understand

The area that is now Vladivostok was historically part of the traditional homeland of the Manchus, who conquered China in the 17th century and established the Qing Dynasty. It was ceded to Russia in the 1858 Treaty of Aigun, one of the many unequal treaties that China was forced to signed with Western colonial powers in the 19th and 20th centuries. Following annexation, the Chinese and Manchu populations were ethnically cleansed from the region, and today, the population is overwhelmingly ethnic Russian.

Surrounded by Amursky Gulf from the west, Ussuriysky Gulf from the east, and Golden Horn Bay along the south, Vladivostok is the home of the Russian Pacific Fleet. The city is separated from its southernmost part, Russkiy Island, by the Eastern Bosphorus strait; there are a couple of smaller sparsely populated islands, Reineke and Popov.

From its foundation in 1860, as a naval base, the city received the status of free port, that boosted international commerce and development. The October Revolution brought Japanese, American, French and Czechoslovak armies who sided with the Whites. From 1958 to 1992, Vladivostok was off-limits to foreigners; it was finally re-opened for tourism after the fall of the Soviet Union. The city centre, at the edge of the water, has sweeping boulevards of ornate, century-old buildings; magnificent, decaying, and in dire need of a scrub. Further out, on the steep hills overlooking the bay, similarly decaying Soviet blocks dotted with new high-rise buildings provide accommodations for most of the city's residents.

There are beautiful oak woods surrounding the city, which along with Nakhodka, could be a starting point for weekend bus-tours to the winter ski-slopes, or waterfalls in summer. A few lotus lakes are an attraction for campers and forest lodgers when the flowers are blossoming in August.

Vladivostok is at the same latitude with Russian subtropical sea resort of Sochi, but its average annual temperature is nearly 10 degrees lower due to the Siberian High that brings cold winds from Yakutia for much of the winter. Thus the winter is typical for Manchuria: cold, clear and very windy. The snow is scarce and in some years may not fall at all.

January is cold at -14°C (7°F), and August is fairly warm at 24°C (75°F), though these are average temperatures, and hot/cold spells can bring much more extreme conditions. It is not unheard of for temperatures to drop below -30°C in February, and similarly August can be over 30°, but in general August and September bring the most sunny and pleasant temperatures. The end of summer, however, could bring Pacific monsoons that last for a few days in a row.

Get in

See Russia#Get in for visa requirements to Russia.

Tickets for the Trans-Siberian Railway sell out and it is best to buy tickets well in advance. Tickets are sold by the operator as well as via agencies and resellers.

The main line of the Trans-Siberian Railway runs between Moscow and Vladivostok. Major stops from Vladivostok include Ulan Ude (2 days), Irkutsk (3 days), Krasnoyarsk (4 days), Novosibirsk (4 days), Omsk (5 days), Yekaterinburg (5 days), Nizhni Novgorod (5 days), and Moscow (6 days).

By boat If you enter Russia by boat, you can stay for 72 hours without a Russian visa. For more information, see Russia#Get_in.

The ferry port in Vladivostok is right next to the train station.

To/from Korea and Japan Business Intour Service is the official booking agent for ferries operated by The Far Eastern Shipping Company (FESCO) between Vladivostok and the Fushiki port in Takaoka, Japan. The ships do not have many working amenities. Ferries both ways leave on Friday evening and arrive two days later on Sunday morning. You'll need to arrive at the port a few hours early for immigration procedures.

From March to November the ferry leaves Sakai Minato on Saturdays, briefly stops in Donghae on Sundays and arrives in Vladivostok on Mondays. In the winter, the ferry lays over in Donghae until Monday and arrives in Vladivostok on Tuesday. The nearest major city to Sakai Minato is Kyoto, 3 hours by train. (Update: DBS got bought by a Korean company, here's the website with the prices:

There is also a ferry service connecting Vladivostok and Sokcho, South Korea. One ship leaves Sokcho each week, on Thursday, although they become more frequent in the summer months (June-August).

To travel between the airport and the city: Bus 107 operates between the airport and the Vladivostok bus station (just in front of the Vladivostok train station), with departures at: 08:25, 09:40, 10:45, 12:07, 13:00, 14:00, 15:50, 16:50, 17:45, and 20:00. On the way back to the airport, bus 107 leaves from the Vladivostok bus station at 06:40, 07:10, 08:20, 09:00, 10:20, 11:20, 12:20, 13:20, 14:30, 15:30, 16:20, and 17:20. See up-to-date schedule at It takes about 50 minutes in low traffic. Trains operate between the airport and the city, although service is not very frequent. Primavtolayn is the official taxi company operating from the airport. There're also many private taxis which you can hail.

By bus Bus tickets can be bought at the bus station in Vladivostok or from ticket agencies. Buses operate to/from most suburban locations and nearby towns. International routes link Vladivostok to cities in Northeastern China such as Suifenhe and Yanji , terminating in the Vtoraya Rechka neighborhood in the evening.

It takes about 5 hours to get to Vladivostok from the Chinese border, and the road goes through one of the most picturesque areas of the Russian Far East.

By car Vladivostok is not only the eastern end of the Trans-Siberian railway, but of the Trans-Siberian Highway as well. The ferry from the South Korea and Japan seem to carry cars and motorcycles, although they are not roll on-roll off ships, like ferries in Europe, and there is some bureaucracy involved transporting cars from one country to another. You can get in from China by road as well, for example via the Suifenhe border crossing.

Get around

By public transport Vladivostok has a wide range of transportation, from streetcars to a funicular railway. The trams and trolleybuses, unfortunately, are mostly gone in an effort to improve traffic: this hasn't worked, mainly because at least two lanes on most streets are still taken for unregulated parking. However there is talk of reinstating at least some trolleybus routes, and lengthening the network to include some suburban destinations. While the mayor pays some lip service to reinstating trams, too, his actions prove otherwise.

By far the most common is the bus, both large route buses (mainly used Korean ones, some could be seen still carrying Seoul or Busan route plaques) and marshrutka shared taxis (which generally follow bus routes). Hop on bus in the back and then pay the driver as you exit from the front. Many buses leave from outside the "Clever House" (Cløver House) Department store or the city's train station. Another major bus hubs are the Lugovaya square at the mouth of the Golden Horn bay and the intercity bus station ("Автовокзал") in the Vtoraya Rechka neighborhood.

The city has reinstated the municipal bus company with newer buses and better controlled drivers. All municipal buses are equipped with electronic payment system and trackers, as the city also pushes to equip all the buses with the tracking hardware. The positions and waiting time for the equipped buses could be seen at the Bus 125 website, and major stops are gradually being equipped with electronic timetables.

Access to the outlying areas is generally best done by bus or suburban commuter train elektrichka. The train station is accessible and a great way to see neighbouring cities such as Khabarovsk. The Russian Far East is an enormous and rather sparsely populated territory, so if the closer towns like Ussuriysk and Nakhodka may be just a couple of hours away, Khabarovsk is in a different province altogether, about 700 km from Vladivostok, and takes almost a whole day to reach, so plan accordingly: this is definitely not a quick day trip.

Also pay the close attention to the elektrichka timetables. The train companies have radically revised their networks and frequencies, removing a lot of the unprofitable commuter trains (these are supposed to be subsidised by the local authorities, but those are chronically lacking the funds) from schedules, so if you get to some out-of-the-way location by the commuter train, you may get stranded for several hours until the next one.

By taxi There are a number of taxi companies, and hailing one is easy. Expect to pay at least this much for a single journey over a short distance.

By car Although it is the main port of used Japanese car imports in Russia, the century-old streets of Vladivostok are ill suited to heavy traffic. They are usually filled to capacity and traffic jams are common, especially in rush hours. The local driving style is also rather aggressive; and speeding, cutting off, tailgating and ignoring recently changed traffic lights are widespread. Despite this, car horns are rarely heard, largely because the undue leaning on the horn is an actual traffic offence in Russia, and can lead to the pretty hefty fines.

The city centre is only a short walk from the train station, and most of the sights can be reached easily on foot. Aleutskaya St runs north/south, passing the train station; head north to Svetlanskaya St, which is the main east/west road for the city.

As much of Vladivostok is situated on steep hills, walking can be physically demanding. The ice and wind in winter and the conditions of the pavements mostly preclude bicycle use.

However, MTB and weekend bike tours are very popular among the people for there is quite a lot of scenic places hard-to-reach by vehicles but still worth the effort. The most attractive destinations range the closest islands and the coastline even when the ice covers the bays.

See

If you've arrived in Vladivostok on the Trans-Siberian, at the end of a trip that began in Moscow, head straight for Sportivnaya Harbor. The still waters of the sea will likely provide sweet relief after several days on the train. However, if you're fresh off a ferry from Japan or Korea, head up to Svetlanskaya and Ploschad Bortsov Revolutsy for a stroll to get your land legs back. (Both destinations usually have food and drink vendors.)

Civil engineering buffs can gawk at the numerous construction marvels peppering the city streets since the 2012 APEC Summit, including the two enormous bridges across the Golden Horn Bay and Eastern Bosporus strait (the Russian Navy officers first exploring the area were big fans of Istanbul harbour), the latter of which is the largest cable-stayed bridge in the world. Locals are more ambivalent about all that construction, but the bridges and hotels nevertheless already have become a frequent visitor attractions, and the Golden Horn one is greatly praised by the locals, as it radically relieved the permanently congested Lugovaya square, taking about half of its traffic.

Public spaces Russia's Pacific Fleet (not all of it, just its destroyer squadron) is moored in Golden Horn Bay. A walk along the waterfront on Korabelnaya Embankment offers the closest views; to get any closer, you will have to enlist. Photographs with an average-sized camera shouldn't attract any problems, but be mindful of your surroundings or an enterprising police officer might invent a fine for you to pay.

Ploschad Bortsov Revolutsy. This is a good place to relax and watch the locals at leisure. A pair of massive statues serve as the Memorial to the Fighters for the Soviet Power in the Far East, in honor of those who brought this remote corner of Russia under Bolshevik control. Today, they're more a memorial to the power of local skateboarders. You might also have the chance to take in a protest march. The giant, strikingly ugly regional administration building looms over the square.

Sportivnaya Harbor. A popular summertime promenade and beach just the short walk away from the square. The official swimming ban is cheerfully ignored by the locals, who frolic in the water between the yachts of the main city marina, which mostly shares the location with the beach. A small amusement park with various kiddy rides and 80 m Ferris wheel lines the other side of the promenade, and the stalls around will sell you drinks, snacks and souvenirs for outrageous prices.

The square of the sister-cities. Eleven arcs with cities' names engraved on them. Benches to relax. Free Wi-Fi zone.

Dynamo stadium, the home arena of the city's eternally struggling Luch-Energia football outfit, as well as Olympiets sports center, a base of Spartak-Primorye basketball team and a popular venue for martial arts tournaments, are also situated there, as is the old city aquarium. The new, much larger and fancier one, is under construction on Russkiy island. In the winter the frozen waters of the bay become a home for hundreds, if not thousands, ice fishers (or "penguins" in local parlance), some of which even drive their cars to the ice.

For connoisseurs of Lenin statues, don't miss the one overlooking the train station from the west, next to the post office (the popular joke goes that the World Proletariat Leader says "You're going the right way, comrades", while pointing at Japan). There are also some interesting statues heading east on Svetlanskaya, both Soviet-era and abstract.

Arsenyev Regional History Museum. Mostly a natural history museum, save for a few pieces of Stalinist kitsch and a tribute to Hollywood star and hometown hero Yul Brynner. There are some interesting displays on pre-Russian settlers and their techniques for hunting and survival, but the death-dance between the tiger and the bear has to be seen to be believed.

Museum Vladivostok Fortress. Overlooking the sea, these fortifications were built more than a century ago to guard against invasion from Japan. Today, the grounds are cluttered with defused bombs, chain guns, and small military vehicles. Those can be visited for free; there's a small fee to go inside the several rooms of the fort, which feature displays on the history of Russia's presence in the region and some intricate dioramas.

Primorsky State Art Gallery. Traveling art exhibitions and a well-regarded collection of classic European masters.

C-56 Submarine. You can't board the Pacific Fleet, but this WWII submarine is parked on land, by the Naval Memorial, and welcomes visitors; the interior is pretty well-preserved, and you can monkey around more or less unattended while you're inside. There's usually someone selling Soviet pins and military gear outside.

Triumphal Arc (Nikolai gate). Chapel-like arc constructed in honour of the visiting tsar Nikolai II, destroyed after the revolution and restored in 2003.

Lighthouse at Egersheld cape. This white lighthouse on the edge of a spit was built in 1910 and could be seen to every one who gets back from sea travels.

Golden Horn bridge. Cable-stayed 2.1-km (1.30 mi) long bridge across the Golden horn bay.

The bridge to the Russkiy island across Eastern Bosphorus strait. The world’s largest cable-stayed bridge, 3.1 km (1.93 mi) long.

Marine cemetery. The memorials and tombs of Czechoslovak legion, British and Japanese military men, Russian explorer Vladimir Arsenyev and seafarer Fridolf Gek.

Primorskiy Oceanarium. A large aquarium located on Russkiy Island that also has dolphin shows and many many other exhibits showcasing colourful coral fishes, predatory moray eels, sharks, etc.

Do

If you'd like to swim, the beach at Sportivnaya Harbor is the place to do it (not Golden Horn Bay, where the Pacific Fleet is parked). Be sure to salute the half-submerged mermaid statue out in the water - when they finally fish it out of the water, that is, the statue was driven off its foundation by the shifting ice and sunk several years ago. Alternately, in the winter, locals aren't shy about strolling out on ice.

Russkiy Island. The closest and the largest island, connected by two bridges, is a nice place for swimming, sun-bathing, or biking on the gravel roads as an alternative to the city's beach. Discover the disfunctioning artillery, 'Voroshilovskaya Battery' (Ворошиловская батарея), the former Soviet defensive complex, now a museum in the center of the island. Bus 29d from the Izumrud bus station in the center of Vladivostok, every hour or so, . Serious hikers can consider going to the terminus Bukhta Voyevoda and then walking the dirt roads along the South-West coast before catching the bus back at the Park Patriot entrance.

Dinamo Stadium. Home of FC Luch-Energia Vladivostok, who play in the Russian Premier League of professional soccer (or down in the First Division, as their fortunes go).

SK Olimpiets. Home of Spartak Primorje, who play in the Russian Super League of professional basketball.

Yacht Club 'Seven Feet'. Organized fishing, daily sea walks as well as annual boat show.

Fetisov Arena. The home arena of the city's KHL outfit, HC 'Admiral', refer to the KHL calendar for the game days; also provides spaces for concerts, exhibitions and other gigs. An amateur Night Hockey League games are often held at night, and a public skating rink is also open during the whole hockey season.

Every September, golden season by balneological standards, the city holds the Pacific Meridian International Film Festival and welcomes Russian cinematographic beau monde and often first stars from the West like Gérard Depardieu. International Jazz Festival — Vladivostok, organized by Vladivostok Philharmonic. Every last Sunday of September - Tiger's day

Learn

The Far Eastern Federal University is one of the top five Russian universities and has over 35,000 students. In addition to Russian courses, there are also Japanese, Korean, German, Thai, Vietnamese and Indonesian centers in the university.

The Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service also offers Russian courses for foreigners at decent prices. Both universities can set you up in their dorms as well as do the necessary paperwork for you to study in Russia. Japanese center in Vladivostok offers Japanese language course and business seminars.

Buy

There's a GUM (former Kunst&Albers) department store on Svetlanskaya, across from Ploschad Bortsov Revolutsii, and electronic stores further east that can help with power converters and the like.

Local markets are spread throughout Vladivostok and provide the basic groceries for a neighborhood. Some even have a butcher but most all provide sausages and frozen meat. Larger markets sell clothing, shoes, and everything else imaginable in addition to food.

Sportivnaya Market. The largest market in Vladivostok. Its maze-like warrens are full of people selling most everything. There is a large Chinese presence here, and knockoffs and Chinese imports abound.

Mir Pryazhi. A nice place to buy local crafts (handmade jewellery, knitwear, porcelain beads). The shop also sells yarn and handcraft items.

Sinyaya Ptitsa. A variety of Vladivostok's souvenirs, Russian handmade folk ceramics Gzhel.

Eat

Small kiosks sell samosas and other local snacks for or so.

For fast food, Hesburger, Cinnabon, Royal Burger, Bubo, Bite Burger, RestoGrad (РестоГрад), Country Fried Chicken, restaurant network Republic (Республика) can be easily found in the centre. Burger King is among the representatives of the world fast-food networks.

8 Minut Stolovaya. A buffet restaurant

Mid-range Sunday morning brunch at the Vlad Inn (below) is a tradition for the handful of ex-pats living in the city.

bar «Drugoe mesto». Nice little bar filled with strange & interesting artefacts from all over the world. Good cuisine - mostly European. Perfect coffee. Desserts & ice-cream. Wide variety of drinks & cocktails. The staff speak English.

Osama Sushi. Pan-Asian restaurant, Japanese and Korean cuisine. Nice sushi and fantastic bibimbap, sake and soju.

Café Cuckoo. This nightclub also offers contemporary European cuisine for lunch and dinner. The head chef, Adriano Cavalieri, came from Melbourne, Australia. There is outdoor and indoor seating for approximately 100 people.

Moloko & Med. European cuisine in a very nice and stylish atmosphere very popular with foreigners and expats. The staff speak English and an English-language menu is available. There is also a selection of Russian dishes on the menu. There are outdoor and indoor seating areas.

Hans. German food and house-brewed beer of three colours: red, light and dark served in medieval setting. The first floor is a fireplace hall, the second floor is made for dance and filled with live music. Comprises 60 and 100 visitors respectively.

München. German food and house-brewed wheat beer of three colours: red, light and dark served in a quasi-medieval setting like in Hans.

Supra. Restaurant specializing in Georgian cuisine, known for their excellent food.

Drink

Club Cuckoo. The most glamorous night club in the city. There can be very strict rules of who's let in but foreigners usually pass, just speak English. Hosts the best parties in town, including DJs from Moscow and London.

Lebowski Bar. Disco music, a bar and a dance-floor. Next door is 8 Minut Stolovaya where you can enjoy a decadent dessert.

Sleep

Dorms Russian dorm rooms in Vladivostok range from awful to OK. Generally, foreigners are dormed in reasonable accommodations, but you should know exactly what you are getting into before arriving. Important things you might take for granted include: private or communal kitchen and bathrooms, number of roommates, number of clothing washers and dryers.

The Far Eastern National University (above) offers reasonable dorm rooms but foreigners are separated from Russian students, so if you are looking for more Russian immersion, ask them about arranging a home stay.

Neptunea Hostel Vladivostok. Hostel in the city center. Very cheap and new. Small breakfast included, WiFi, kitchen and fridge, inside and outside lounge areas. Customer are half Russian and half foreigners.

Superstar Guesthouse. New guesthouse, a bit more expensive but right in the most touristic part of the city center. The Korean owner also lives there.

Hotels The hotels in the city center are targets for huge tour groups, who block out availability for weeks on end, so reserve in advance if possible.

Lotte Hotel Vladivostok. The height of luxury in Vladivostok, with full business facilities, swimming pool and fitness center, bar, casino, and restaurant on-site. Rooms have satellite TV and air conditioning. Online booking is available.

AZIMUT Hotel Vladivostok. This is the new name for Hotel Vladivostok.

A-Hotel Amur Bay Vladivostok. Also managed by the AZIMUT group, but cheaper.

Meridian. An experienced tourist can take a taxi and get to the opposite shore of Golden Horn bay according to the hotel site's map. Sauna and restaurant are nice additions to accommodations.

Equator. Close to the city center. Free wi-fi.

Versailles Hotel. Business-class hotel with single, double, twin, deluxe rooms.